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Glossary of Terms
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Asphalt (asphalt cements): A dark brown to black cementitious material in which the main constituents are bitumens, which occur in nature or are obtained in petroleum processing. Asphalt is used for paving, roofing, industrial and other special purposes.
Barrel: A traditional measure of volume in the oil industry and is equivalent to 159 litres, 35 Imperial gallons, 42 US gallons or 0.1589872 of a cubic metre.
Crude Unit: A combination of vessels, heat exchangers, furnaces, pumps and piping that is used to fractionate crude oil into its various components.
Cutback Asphalt: A blend of asphalt cement and petroleum solvents (diluents). Upon exposure to atmospheric conditions the diluents evaporate, leaving the asphalt cement to perform its function of cementing and waterproofing. MC (medium curing) cutbacks are blended by using 120-150 penetration asphalt cement and a distillate cut with a distillation range of 176° to 271° Celsius (350° to 520° Fahrenheit). SC (slow curing) cutback products are blended by using 150-200 penetration asphalt cement and a distillate cut in the distillation range of 232° to 354° Celsius (450° to 670° Fahrenheit).
Distillate Cut: The middle boiling range fraction of crude oil that can be described by the initial boiling point (IBP) and final boiling point (FBP).
Distillates: The diesel fuel-type fractions from the crude oil.
Naphtha: The light gasoline-like fraction of the crude oil.
Penetration: An empirical measurement of asphalt consistency enabling the classification of asphalt cements into standard grades. The consistency of a bituminous material expressed as the distance (in tenths of a millimetre) that a standard needle penetrates a sample vertically under specified conditions of loading, time and temperature.
PG Asphalt (performance graded asphalt): Asphalt binder grade designation used in Superpave. It is based on the binder's mechanical performance at critical temperatures and aging conditions. This system directly correlates laboratory testing to field performance through engineering principles.
Polymer Modified Asphalts (PMA): Conventional asphalt cement whose performance characteristics have been improved and enhanced through the addition and reaction of polymer compounds. The compounds improve resistance to deformation at high pavement temperatures and offer cracking resistance at low temperatures.
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